Volume 2 Issue 2

Eco-Consumerism: A Paradox of Opposing Ideas eco-consumerism-a-paradox-of-opposing-ideas Volume 2, Issue 2 Research Article 2025 2 Consumerism and ecology are two opposing phenomena that rest on entirely different principles. Consumerism supports excessive use of goods and services, which leads to increased production, i.e., higher usage of natural resources, raw materials, energy, equipment, and labor. On the other hand, ecology advocates for the sustainable consumption of resources, minimizing energy and land use, and environmental protection. The continuous rise of production and consumption leads to deforestation, depletion of natural resources, water and air pollution, natural disasters, climate change, and a severe loss of biodiversity. Human activities threaten the health and life of all living things on the planet. Consumerism simultaneously fosters economic growth and enhances individual well-being, while also exerting a profound and often detrimental impact on environmental sustainability. However, a healthy environment is not compatible with prevailing consumer behavior, characterized by consumerism and increased production. The paper, based on both secondary and primary data, aims to explore whether consumerism and ecology can converge in pursuit of ensuring survival, sustainable well-being, and a future for humanity.

]]> Brown, G. (2024). From Doom to Boom: The Surprising Eco Consumerism Trend. Happy Eco News. https://happyeconews.com

Driscoll, S. (2025). Green Consumerism: Overview. EBSCO. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/marketing/green-consumerism-overview

Durif, F., Boivin, C. & Julien, C. (2010). In Search of a Green Product Definition. Innovative Marketing, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 23-31.

Elsner, M, Atkinson, G., & Zahidi, S. (2025). Global Risk Report 2025. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2025/digest/

Korkmaz, A. N., & Altan, M. U. (2024). A Systematic Literature Review of Sustainable Consumer Behaviours in the Context of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Sustainability, 16(1), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010126

Kostadinova, E. (2022). Sustainable Consumer Behavior: a Literature Overview. Economic Alternatives, Issue 2

Lage, C., Lins, S., & Dias de Aquino, S. (2022). Consumerism, Routledge Encyclopedia of Psychology in the Real World, Routledge, pp. 1-13, DOI: 10.4324/9780367198459-REPRW118-1

Mintel. (2025). Global Outlook on Sustainability: A Consumer study 2024-2025. https://store.mintel.com

Peter, D., & Lister, J. (2010). The Prospects and Limits of Eco-Consumerism: Shopping our Way to Less Deforestation. DOI: 10.1177/1086026610368370

Rivera, J.L. & Lallmahomed, A. (2016). Environmental Implications of Planned Obsolescence and Product Lifetime: A Literature Review, International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 9(2): 119–129. doi:10.1080/19397038.2015.1099757.

Stearns, P.N. (2006). Consumerism in World History: The Global Transformation of Desire, 2nd Ed, New York: Routledge, doi:10.2307/30041171.

Uribe, K. & Chapman-Ludwig. (2023). Environmental Activism: Pro-Environmental Behavior, Consumerism, and Environmental Justice, DU Undergraduate Research Journal Archive: Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 2. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/duurj/vol4/iss1/2

World Economic Forum. (2025). Climate, nature and energy at Davos 2025. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/safeguarding-the-planet-theme-davos-2025-climate-nature-energy/.

]]> Keywords: consumerism, ecology, natural resources, energy, environmental protection 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/eco-consumerism-a-paradox-of-opposing-ideas 2 1-12 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/K8CfYb0l9Pp/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-1-1.pdf Savica Dimitrieska International Balkan University – Skopje true Liza Alili Sulejmani International Balkan University Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com

Isa Bey Madrasa in Skopje- A Historical and Pedagogical Assessment isa-bey-madrasa-in-skopje-a-historical-and-pedagogical-assessment Volume 2, Issue 2 Research Article 2025 2 This study provides a historical and pedagogical assessment of the Isa Bey Madrasa in Skopje, established in 1469 within the framework of the Ottoman waqf system. The research aims to examine how the madrasa contributed to the institutionalization of religion-based education in the Balkans while preserving social belonging and cultural continuity. Using an archival-historical and comparative analytical approach, the study traces the transformations of the institution from its Ottoman foundation to its present form. Although educational activities were periodically interrupted by wars, political changes, and regime transitions, the madrasa was repeatedly restructured and managed to sustain its existence. Reopened in the 1984–1985 academic year, it continues today as one of the central institutions providing formal religious education in North Macedonia. Its curriculum combines classical Islamic sciences with social sciences, natural sciences, and language courses, reflecting a synthesis of tradition and modern pedagogy. However, issues such as the language of instruction, the right to mother-tongue education, social representation, and diploma equivalency remain ongoing challenges. Overall, the study reveals that the Isa Bey Madrasa embodies both continuity and transformation in the fields of religion, culture, and education in the Balkans.

]]> Akyüz, Y. (2010). Türk eğitim tarihi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.Albayrak, S. (1996). Son devir Osmanlı uleması (Cilt 1–4). İstanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Daire Başkanlığı Yayınları.

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Ali, M. (2012). Islamic education in Macedonia. In E. Aslan & Z. Windisch (Eds.), The training of imams and teachers for Islamic education in Europe: The case of the Isa Beg Madrasa and the Faculty of Islamic Sciences.Oxford: Peter Lang.

Ali, M. (2024). Navigating faith and politics: The evolution of Islamic education and NGOs in the Balkans. Religions.

Arif, K. (2010). Bağımsızlıktan günümüze Makedonya’da din eğitimi (1991–2010) [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.

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Asani, E. (2010). Makedonya’daki medreseler ve İsa Bey Medresesi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa.

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Babuna, A. (2024). International treaties and the national development of Bosnian Muslims: From Berlin to Saint-Germain. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 29, 134– 159.

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Erken, A., & Çençiler, Y. (2019). Feyzullah Hacıbayriç ve medrese sonrası geleneği yeniden düşünmek. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 8.

Güveloğlu, G. K. (2019). Sırp Hırvat Sloven Krallığı’ndan Yugoslavya’ya: Yugoslavya’nın siyasi hayatı ve Türkiye ile diplomatik ilişkileri (1918–1941). Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.

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]]> Isa Bey Madrasa, Skopje, Ottoman education, waqf system, pedagogy, cultural continuity, archival-historical analysis 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/isa-bey-madrasa-in-skopje-a-historical-and-pedagogical-assessment 2 13-36 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/9YZJ3f8Pdua/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-2-1.pdf Ümmi Murati Bursa Uludağ University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Philosophy and Religious Sciences / Religious Education true Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com

Ukraine Crisis Between Russia’s Expansion, US Promises, and Missing European Agenda ukraine-crisis-between-russia-s-expansion-us-promises-and-missing-european-agenda Volume 2, Issue 2 Research Article 2025 2 The dissolution of the Soviet Union reshaped the geopolitical order of Eastern Europe and elevated Ukraine as a strategically pivotal state situated between Russia and the Euro-Atlantic sphere. This paper examines the Ukraine crisis as a manifestation of the re-emergence of classical geopolitics and great-power competition in Europe. It argues that while Russia has pursued a coherent strategic agenda aimed at maintaining influence in its near abroad, the European Union has struggled to formulate a consistent and forward-looking policy toward Ukraine. Drawing on geopolitical theory (Mackinder, Brzezinski) and contemporary international security literature, the study analyzes the evolution of Russia’s expansionist approach, U.S. security commitments, and the EU’s fragmented strategic response. The paper contends that the absence of a unified European agenda has contributed to prolonged instability, culminating in Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and ongoing conflict through 2025. It concludes that a coherent European strategic framework—combining deterrence, long-term security guarantees, and political integration—is essential to shaping a sustainable European security architecture.

]]> Amerikanische Handelskammer in der Ukraine, Chamber Members, at: http://www.chamber.ua

Bechev, D. (2022). Rival Power: Russia in Southeast Europe (Updated Edition). Yale University Press.

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Brzezinski, Z. (2014). "The Grand Chessboard. American Primary and Its Geostrategic Imperatives", deutsch: "Die einzige Weltmacht - Amerikas Strategie der Vorherrschaft", Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, p.15/16

Charap, S., & Colton, T. (2017). Everyone Loses: The Ukraine Crisis and the Ruinous Contest for Post-Soviet Eurasia. Routledge.

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Freedman, L. (2023). Ukraine and the return of state-on-state warfare. Survival, 65(2), 7–32.

Halford J. M. (1942), Democratic Ideals and Reality, Henry Holz and Company, p.150. at: http://www.worldreview.info/content/western-balkans-peace-europes-unfinished-mission

Ikenberry, G. J., & Deudney, D. (2023). The Return of Geopolitics: Liberal Order and Its Discontents. Foreign Affairs, 102(3), 10–25.

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Tzifakis, N. (2023). Between Dependence and Autonomy: Western Balkans in the New European Geopolitics. Croatian International Relations Review, 29(2), 113–128.

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]]> Keywords: Ukraine, Russia, US, Germany, Crimea, European agenda, geopolitics 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/ukraine-crisis-between-russia-s-expansion-us-promises-and-missing-european-agenda 2 37-50 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/EINVhi1kVc3/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-3.pdf Bekim Maksuti University of Tetova, Tetovo, North Macedonia true Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com

Barriers to Justice: Access to Legal Protection for Victims of Gender-Based Violence in North Macedonia After the Istanbul Convention barriers-to-justice-access-to-legal-protection-for-victims-of-gender-based-violence-in-north-macedonia-after-the-istanbul-convention Volume 2, Issue 2 Research Article 2025 2 Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive violation of human rights, affecting millions worldwide. In response, the Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention sets comprehensive standards to prevent violence against women and ensure victim protection and access to justice. North Macedonia ratified the Convention in 2017, signaling its commitment to tackling GBV legally and institutionally. However, this paper critically examines the extent to which victims in North Macedonia can access effective legal protection post-ratification. Drawing on legislative analysis, institutional reports, and socio-cultural studies, it reveals enduring systemic, cultural, psychological, and procedural barriers that limit justice access. The study underscores the gap between formal reforms and lived realities, highlighting the need for deeper structural and cultural transformation to fulfill international obligations and protect vulnerable populations.

]]> Amnesty International. (2019). Barriers to justice: The experience of Roma women facing gender-based violence in North Macedonia. Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur05/1234/2019/en/

Amnesty International. (2022). Shelter crisis: Insufficient support for victims of domestic violence in North Macedonia. Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ eur05/5678/2022/en /

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Helsinki Committee for Human Rights. (2021). Legal protection and enforcement of restraining orders in North Macedonia. Macedonian Helsinki Committee.

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Human Rights Watch. (2022). Failures in protection: Survivors of domestic violence in North Macedonia. Human Rights Watch.

Jovanovska, M., & Velkoska, M. (2021). Police attitudes towards domestic violence victims in North Macedonia: A critical analysis. Journal of Balkan Studies, 15(2), 45–62.

Kamberi, S. (2019). Patriarchal norms and their impact on women’s rights in North Macedonia. Southeastern European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), 23–37.

Kamberi, S., & Mekic, E. (2018). Family pressure and reporting barriers in domestic violence cases. Journal of Gender Studies, 12(3), 112–129.

Ministry of Interior. (2022). Annual report on domestic violence cases in North Macedonia. Ministry of Interior.

Ministry of Justice. (2022). Judicial statistics and protective measure applications. Ministry of Justice.

Macedonian Helsinki Committee (MHC). (2019). Survey on police treatment of gender-based violence victims. MHC.

National Statistical Office. (2021). Survey on women’s experience with violence. National Statistical Office of North Macedonia.

Open Society Foundation. (2020). Access to justice for Roma women in the Balkans. Open Society Foundation.

OSCE. (2020). Police responses to domestic violence in North Macedonia: Challenges and opportunities. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.

OSCE. (2021). Judicial training on gender-based violence in North Macedonia. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Transparency International. (2022). Judicial efficiency and case backlogs in North Macedonia.

Transparency International. UNDP. (2022). Gender equality and social inclusion in North Macedonia: A focus on minority communities.

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UN Women. World Bank. (2021). Socio-cultural factors influencing gender equality in North Macedonia. The World Bank.

]]> Keywords: gender-based violence, Istanbul Convention, access to justice, North Macedonia, legal protection 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/barriers-to-justice-access-to-legal-protection-for-victims-of-gender-based-violence-in-north-macedonia-after-the-istanbul-convention 2 51-64 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/JYz4ADeRsJR/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-4-1.pdf Fjolla Ejupi Faculty of Law, South East European University, Tetovo, North Macedonia true Besa Arifi South East European University, Tetovo, North Macedonia Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com

Administrative Legacies of Ottoman and Habsburg Empires in the Balkans: A Comparative Analysis administrative-legacies-of-ottoman-and-habsburg-empires-in-the-balkans-a-comparative-analysis Volume 2, Issue 2 Research Article 2025 2 The Balkans have historically been a region of great geopolitical significance, shaped by the administrative, cultural, and social influences of two major empires: The Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire. These empires ruled over the region for centuries, leaving a profound impact on governance structures, religious dynamics, and urban development. Despite their shared control over parts of the Balkans, their administrative approaches differed significantly, leading to long-lasting regional distinctions. The Ottoman Empire implemented a decentralized yet hierarchical system. The millet system allowed religious communities to administer their own legal and educational affairs, fostering a diverse and multicultural society. Additionally, the waqf (endowment) system contributed to social welfare, funding mosques, schools, and public services. The Ottoman legacy remains evident in the urban architecture, linguistic influences, and socio-economic structures of modern Balkan states. Conversely, the Habsburg Empire employed a more centralized and bureaucratic model, focusing on strict control and uniformity. The Balkans under Habsburg rule experienced heavy taxation, compulsory military conscription, and Germanization policies, particularly in Croatia and Slovenia. The Austro-Hungarian legal system, with its emphasis on codified laws and secular governance, influenced modern state-building in the region. The empire’s impact is still visible in urban planning, Baroque architecture, and centralized governance structures. This study examines the contrasting administrative legacies of the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires in the Balkans, evaluating their influence on contemporary socio-political institutions. By analyzing historical governance models, the paper highlights the enduring effects of these empires on modern nation-state formation in Southeastern Europe.

]]> Barkey, K. (2008). Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge University Press

Barkey, K. (2013). “Aspects of Legal Pluralism in the Ottoman Empire.” In L. Benton & R. J. Ross (Eds.), Legal Pluralism and Empires, 1500–1850 (pp. 81–108). NYU Press

Brusis, M. (2005). The instrumental use of European Union conditionality: Regionalization in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. East European Politics and Societies, 19(2).

Deák, I. (1990). Beyond nationalism: A social and political history of the Habsburg officer corps, 1848– 1918. Oxford University Press.

Elbasani, A. (2008). EU enlargement in the Western Balkans: Strategies of borrowing and inventing. Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 10(3)

Elbasani, A. (2009). EU administrative conditionality and domestic downloading: the limits of europeanization in challenging contexts. (KFG Working Paper Series, 2). Freie Universität Berlin, FB Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften, Otto-Suhr-Institut für Politikwissenschaft Kolleg-Forschergruppe “The Transformative Power of Europe”. https://nbnresolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-365633

İnalcık, H. (1973). The Ottoman Empire: The classical age, 1300–1600. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Ingrao, C. (2000). The Habsburg monarchy, 1618–1815. Cambridge University Press.

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Judson, P. M. (2016). The Habsburg Empire: A new history. Harvard University Press.

Shusharova, M. (2017). Local Elites and Communities in the Management of Public Order During The 18th Century: Perceptions from the Core European Territories of the Ottoman Empire. Tudes Balkaniques, LІІІ, 2017, 3

Subotić, J. (2021). Yellow star, red star: Holocaust remembrance after communism. Cornell University Press.

]]> Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Empire, Balkans, administrative structure, administrative legacy 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/administrative-legacies-of-ottoman-and-habsburg-empires-in-the-balkans-a-comparative-analysis 2 65-83 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/DcHZ7QC0P9b/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-5.pdf Hamza Ates Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye true Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com

Dilemmas of the Foreign Policy of Small States in the Western Balkans: Between Integration and Geopolitical Insecurity dilemmas-of-the-foreign-policy-of-small-states-in-the-western-balkans-between-integration-and-geopolitical-insecurity Volume 2, Issue 2 Research Article 2025 2 This paper analyzes the foreign policy dilemmas of small states in the Western Balkans within the context of an increasingly fragmented and multipolar global order. In this environment, where power is distributed among the United States of America, the European Union, Russia, China, and Turkey, the small Balkan states face complex and often contradictory choices. On one hand, they view European and Euro-Atlantic integration as the strategic horizon of their development and security, while on the other hand they remain vulnerable to the economic, political, and cultural influences of other powers. The paper is based on a constructivist theoretical framework that emphasizes the importance of identity, perceptions, and interactions in shaping the foreign policy interests of small states. Methodologically, it employs a comparative analysis of six states in the region: Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, drawing on official documents, national strategies, public discourses, and academic literature. The central argument is that although small states face structural constraints and depend on great powers, through flexible diplomacy, multilateral engagement, and balancing strategies they manage to create presence and minimize uncertainties. The paper contributes to the literature on the foreign policy of small states by highlighting the interconnection between security, integration, and economic development in the context of the new international order.

]]> Berisha, F. (2024, November 17). Forcimi i pushtetit nga liderët e Ballkanit Perëndimor dhe dobësimi i subjektivitetit ndërkombëtar të shteteve. [The strengthening of power by Western Balkan leaders and the weakening of the international subjectivity of states]. Bota Sot.

Bushati, D. (2025, November 12). Frikë, poshtërim dhe shpresë në procesin e zgjerimit të BE-së. [Fear, humiliation and hope in the EU enlargement process]. Balkanweb.

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Hey, J. A. K. (2003). Introduction of small states foreign policy. In J. A. K. Hey (Ed.), Small states in world politics: Explaining foreign policy behaviour (p. 2). Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Ibrahimi, S. (2025). Ndërveprimi i interesave kombëtare në stabilitetin e Ballkanit Perëndimor. [The interaction of national interests in the stability of the Western Balkans]. Portalb.mk.

Keohane, R. O. (1969). Lilliputians’ dilemmas: Small states in international politics. International Organization, 23(2), 291–310.

Marleku, A. (2025). Ballkani përballë kërcënimeve të reja: Lufta në Ukrainë ndryshon pikëpamjet e sigurisë [Balkans facing new threats: War in Ukraine changes security views]. SBunker.

Mirković, S. (2024, August 20). Open Balkan, a failed step in the right direction. Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso Transeuropa. https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/en/cp_article/open-balkan-a-failed-step-in-the-right-direction/

Rothstein, R. L. (1968). Alliances and small powers. Columbia University Press.

Thorhallsson, B. (2018). Small states and shelter theory: Iceland’s external affairs. Routledge.

Vital, D. (1971). The survival of small states: Studies in small power/great power conflict. Oxford University Press.

]]> Keywords: small states, foreign policy, Western Balkans, multilateral diplomacy, security 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/dilemmas-of-the-foreign-policy-of-small-states-in-the-western-balkans-between-integration-and-geopolitical-insecurity 2 85-91 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/LlznQmEed3y/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-6.pdf Leonora Bajrami South-East European University, Tetovo, N. Macedonia true Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com

Social and Cultural Aspects of Domestic Violence in Kosovo social-and-cultural-aspects-of-domestic-violence-in-kosovo Volume 2, Issue 2 Research Article 2025 2 In our society, marriage and the family enjoy special protection, and these are guaranteed by the Constitution. The institution of marriage and family relations are regulated by family law and are protected by criminal law. There are many forms of domestic violence, such as physical violence, psychological violence, violence against children, violence against women, violence against parents, etc., and unfortunately, we encounter almost all types in the society we live in today. Domestic violence is often seen more as a private matter rather than a violation of fundamental human rights, which hinders the proper addressing of cases and encourages the silence of victims. In many cases, due to social stigmatization and fear of judgment or losing family status, victims are reluctant to report the violence. Furthermore, economic inequality and the low employment rate of women strengthen their dependency on abusive partners, forcing them to remain in violent relationships. Effective addressing domestic violence requires an integrated approach and inter-institutional cooperation. This includes not only the implementation of existing laws but also the provision of protective and rehabilitative services, as well as the creation of mechanisms for monitoring violence and protecting victims.

]]> Amnesty International. (2023). Barriers for victims to seek protection. London: Amnesty International.

Amnesty International. (2023). From paper to practice: Kosovo must fulfill its commitments to survivors of domestic violence. London: Amnesty International.

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Association of Journalists of Kosovo. (2025). Why do women remain silent? Factors influencing the underreporting of violence. Pristina: Association of Journalists of Kosovo.

Council of Europe. (2019). Integrated psychosocial programs for perpetrators of domestic violence in Kosovo. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/en/web/genderequality/-/programme-for-treatment-of-perpetrators-of-violence-against-women-in-kosovo

Council of Europe. (2021, January). Setting up treatment programmes for perpetrators of domestic violence and violence against women. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

Council of Europe. (2024). Changing mindsets of perpetrators of domestic violence. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

Council of Europe & Academy of Justice of Kosovo. (2020). HELP – Human rights education for legal professionals: Domestic violence modules. Pristina: Council of Europe & Academy of Justice of Kosovo. Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/en/web/genderequality/-/help-online-course-on-violence-against-women-and-domestic-violence-launched-in-kosovo

Frontiers in Public Health. (2023). Multi‑level analysis of the determinants of physical domestic violence against children using longitudinal data from MINIMat mother–child cohort in Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1185130/full

Follow Up, Education & Advocacy. (2023). Kosovo Women’s Network partner program. Pristina: Follow Up, Education & Advocacy.

Follow Up, Education & Advocacy. (2023). Programs for empowerment and reintegration of women survivors of domestic violence in Kosovo. Pristina: Follow Up, Education & Advocacy. Retrieved from https://followup-ngo.org/programs-empowerment-reintegration-women-survivors-domestic-violence/

Ismail Zejneli. (2007). Criminal law: Special part. Tetovo:

Ismail Zejneli. (2018). Juvenile delinquency. Tetovo:

Kosovar Centre for Security Studies (KCSS). (2024). Strengthening protection mechanisms of gender-based violence in Kosovo. Pristina: KCSS.

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Kosovo Women’s Network (KWN). (2015). Women’s rights and domestic violence in Kosovo. Pristina: Kosovo Women’s Network. Retrieved from https://womensnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/20151124105025622.pdf

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Lomazzi, V. (2023). The cultural roots of violence against women: Individual and institutional gender norms in 12 countries. Social Sciences, 12(3), 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030117

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OSCE & Council of Europe. (2019). Media and rational education. Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/en/web/genderequality/-/raising-awareness-on-violence-against-women-and-domestic-violence-working-with-media-in-kosovo

President of Kosovo. (2022). Recommendations for institutional education. Retrieved from https://president-ksgov.net/en/conclusions-of-the-council-on-democracy-on-actions-against-gender-based-violence/

Reddit. (2022, July 3). Some sad statistics: Percentage of women who believe it’s justified for a husband to beat his wife under certain circumstances [Discussion thread]. r/albania. Retrieved November 2, 2025, from https://www.reddit.com/r/albania/comments/u4veyw/some_sad_statistics_percentage_of_women_who/

Telegrafi. (2023). Statistics from the Kosovo Police. Retrieved from https://telegrafi.com/en/rriten-rastet-e-dhunes-ne-familje-dhe-dhunes-ndaj-grave-ne-kosove-nder-faktoret-xhelozia/

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World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Intersections between violence against children and violence against women. Geneva: WHO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240089105.

]]> Keywords: domestic violence, patriarchy, victim stigmatization, economic dependence, gender equality 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/social-and-cultural-aspects-of-domestic-violence-in-kosovo 2 93-105 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/Li5j1QP4CQC/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-7-1.pdf Arlinda Hasani South East European University, Faculty of Law, Tetovo, N. Macedonia true Ismail Zejneli South East European University, Faculty of Law, Tetovo, N. Macedonia Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com

The Influence of Social Media on Young People: On Digital Addiction and Its Psychological Implications the-influence-of-social-media-on-young-people-on-digital-addiction-and-its-psychological-implications Volume 2, Issue 2 Research Article 2025 2 This paper summarizes recent survey findings with previous psychological research to analyze the usage of social networking platforms in daily life and its implications for digital hygiene, self-regulation, and mental well-being. The study is particularly focused on populations susceptible to digital dependency, such as the young people. The analysis reveals a strong tendency towards immediate and frequent social media engagement upon waking and before tasks, alongside a complex emotional landscape ranging from mood enhancement to feelings of sadness and irritability upon disconnection. Furthermore, a significant portion of the surveyed population demonstrates a struggle with controlling their social media use, including failed attempts at cessation and the prioritization of digital engagement over essential life functions like sleep. Furthermore, the study employed the Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS) among 246 young adult respondents, revealing challenges with self-regulation and behavioral control. These findings collectively suggest a concerning trend of digital dependency, echoing warnings from researchers regarding attention degradation, compulsive usage, and the exploitation of psychological vulnerabilities by digital platforms.

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Alter, A. (2017). Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked. Penguin Press.

Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517.

Dzigal, S., & Adjaip-Velichkovski, S. (2025). The impact of social media on youngsters’ attention, confidence, and emotional stability. Knowledge – International Journal, 70(1), 113-116.

Ignjatova, L. (2019). Problematic internet use among youngsters: youth in high schools in North Macedonia. Repository of UKIM, available at https://is.gd/wF2DwU

Montag, C., & Pauli, P. (2021). The use of digital technologies, impulsivity and psychopathological symptoms in adolescence. MDPI.

Newport, C. (2019). Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World. Portfolio/Penguin.

Shahnawaz, M.G. & Rehman, U. (2020). Social Networking Addiction Scale. Cogent Psychology, 7 (1): 1832032

]]> Keywords: social media, addiction, communication, young people, education 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/the-influence-of-social-media-on-young-people-on-digital-addiction-and-its-psychological-implications 2 107-121 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/AdXmmJxSBvT/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-8.pdf Sead Dzigal International Balkan University true Sanja Adjaip-Velichkovski International Balkan University Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com

Ethnic Nationalism and Democracy: The Case of North Macedonia by Flamur Ismaili Published by Balkan University Press ethnic-nationalism-and-democracy-the-case-of-north-macedonia-by-flamur-ismaili-published-by-balkan-university-press Volume 2, Issue 2 Book Review 2025 2 2025-11-30 https://brj.ibupress.com/articles/ethnic-nationalism-and-democracy-the-case-of-north-macedonia-by-flamur-ismaili-published-by-balkan-university-press 2 123-124 en CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://brj.ibupress.com/file/GmvdJWAbxRE/ibu-journal-brj-2-2-9.pdf Kire Sharlamanov International Balkan University true Balkan Research Journal 2955-2516 2955-2524 Balkan University Press https://brj.ibupress.com